Authorship：Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Although the stereoscopic effect in 3D virtual reality (VR) space has been studied, its influence on motor performance, specifically how stereoscopic objects affect behavioral outcomes like reaching, remains unclear. Previous research has primarily focused on perceptual aspects rather than on how stereoscopic visual input impacts motor control at the behavioral level. Thus, we investigated the effects of stereoscopic objects in a VR environment on reaching performance, examining whether the stereoscopic effect of objects is a significant aspect enough to affect performance at the behavioral level. While doing so, we investigated young and older adults separately, as age is a critical factor influencing motor performance. Fourteen young and 23 older participants performed a reaching task in the VR space. The target objects were 2D and 3D, deviating from the initial position by 10 and 20 cm. The movement attributed to feedforward control was analyzed using end-point error and smoothness of movement. Our results revealed that older participants had significantly worse predictive control than young participants in the 3D long task, suggesting that the positions of 3D objects were more difficult to predict than those of 2D objects. Young participants showed a significant difference in smoothness between 2D and 3D objects, which was not observed in older participants. This may reflect the floor effect in older participants. Under the short-distance condition, neither group showed a significant difference, suggesting the ceiling effect by distance. We confirmed that the effect of stereoscopic objects was not drastic but it did hamper the reaching performance.

DOI： 10.3389/frvir.2024.1475482

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/18824889.2024.2359183

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Application no：特願2015-514865  Date applied：2014.4

Patent/Registration no：特許第6322624号  Date registered：2018.4  Date issued：2018.4

Application no：特願2009-530003  Date applied：2008.2

Patent/Registration no：特許第5154558号  Date registered：2012.12  Date issued：2012.12

Country of applicant：Domestic   Country of acquisition：Domestic

Application no：12674709  Date applied：2008.2

Patent/Registration no：US 8,792,977  Date issued：2014.7

Country of applicant：Foreign country   Country of acquisition：Foreign country